By What is permaculture
Permaculture is a system of agricultural and social design principles centred on simulating or directly utilising the patterns and features observed in natural ecosystems. Permaculture was developed, and the term coined by Bill Mollison and David Holmgren in 1978.
Mollison has said: “Permaculture is a philosophy of working with, rather than against, nature; of protracted and thoughtful observation rather than protracted and thoughtless labour; and of looking at plants and animals in all their functions, rather than treating any area as a single product system.
Practical applications
Permaculture has many branches that include, but are not limited to, ecological design, ecological engineering, environmental design, construction and integrated water resources management. By complementing natural systems, it develops sustainable architecture, and regenerative and self-maintained habitat and agricultural systems modelled from natural ecosystems.
Full-systems thinking
Full-systems thinking is a holistic approach to analysis that focuses on the way a system’s constituent parts interrelate. It also considers how systems work over time and within the context of larger systems.
Kevin Pressland 